SECTION III - SPORTS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY / RESEARCH PAPER
Relationship of Isometric Strength and Curve Sprint Performance in Female Soccer Players
More details
Hide details
1
Department of Sports Sciences and Technology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
2
Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
3
Dr. Savaş Kudaş Sports Medicine Clinic, Ankara, Turkey.
4
Department of Biomechanics and Motor Control, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
5
FSI Lab, Football Science Institute, Granada, Spain.
Submission date: 2025-03-14
Final revision date: 2025-06-08
Acceptance date: 2025-08-01
Online publication date: 2026-03-16
Corresponding author
Emrah Korkmaz
Sports Sciences and Technologies Department, Hacettepe University, Turkey
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Sprint performance is critical in soccer, with most sprints following a curvilinear rather than a linear path. While isometric strength (IS) has been linked to linear sprint (LS) and change of direction (COD) performance, its relationship with curve sprint (CS) performance remains unclear. Hence, in this study, we analyzed the relationship between IS and CS performance in elite female soccer players. Nineteen elite female soccer players (age: 25.32 ± 4.18 years; body height: 167 ± 6.0 cm; body mass: 59.26 ± 5.34 kg; body fat percentage: 12.70 ± 2.18%) participated in a pre-season testing protocol. Following a standardized warm-up, players performed assessments of isometric hamstring strength (ISO), the isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), and CS performance. IS was measured using a portable force plate, which is the gold standard for such assessments. Pearson correlation analysis examined the relationship between IS variables and CS performance. No significant correlations were found between IS measures and CS performance (r = −0.198 to 0.296, p ≥ 0.05), indicating that IS tests may not accurately reflect force production during velocity-specific activities, such as the CS, in elite female soccer players. Further studies should examine other neuromuscular and biomechanical factors affecting CS performance.
REFERENCES (37)
1.
Alt, T., Heinrich, K., Funken, J., & Potthast, W. (2015). Lower extremity kinematics of athletics curve sprinting. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33(6), 552–560.
https://doi.org/10.1080/026404....
2.
Baumgartner, T. A., & Chung, H. (2001). Confidence limits for intraclass reliability coefficients. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 5(3), 179–188.
https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327....
3.
Beato, M., Datson, N., Clemente, F. M., Harper, D. J., Fílter, A., Emmonds, S., Dos' Santos, T., & Jones, P. A. (2025). Linear and Multidirectional Speed Testing (On-Field and Off-Field) Protocols in Senior and Elite Female Football. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 39(1), e70–e84.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.00....
4.
Bloomfield, J., Polman, R., & O'Donoghue, P. (2007). Physical demands of different positions in FA Premier League soccer. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 6(1), 63–70.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/a....
5.
Brady, C. J., Harrison, A. J., Flanagan, E. P., Haff, G. G., & Comyns, T. M. (2020). The relationship between isometric strength and sprint acceleration in sprinters. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 15(1), 38–45.
https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.....
6.
Brice, P., Smith, N., & Dyson, R. (2008). Body segment orientations for curved running in soccer players. In Science and Football VI (pp. 44–49). Routledge.
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/....
7.
Caldbeck, P., & Dos’ Santos, T. (2022). How do soccer players sprint from a tactical context? Observations of an English Premier League soccer team. Journal of Sports Sciences, 40(23), 2669–2680.
https://doi.org/10.1080/026404....
8.
Churchill, S. M., Salo, A. I., & Trewartha, G. (2015). The effect of the bend on technique and performance during maximal effort sprinting. Sports Biomechanics, 14(1), 106–121.
https://doi.org/10.1080/147631....
9.
Comfort, P., Dos' Santos, T., Beckham, G. K., Stone, M. H., Guppy, S. N., & Haff, G. G. (2019). Standardization and methodological considerations for the isometric midthigh pull. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 41(2), 57–79.
https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.00....
10.
Cronin, J., & Sleivert, G. (2005). Challenges in understanding the influence of maximal power training on improving athletic performance. Sports Medicine, 35(3), 213–234.
https://doi.org/10.2165/000072....
11.
Fílter, A., Olivares, J., Santalla, A., Nakamura, F. Y., Loturco, I., & Requena, B. (2020). New curve sprint test for soccer players: Reliability and relationship with linear sprint. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(11–12), 1320–1325.
https://doi.org/10.1080/026404....
12.
Filter, A., Olivares-Jabalera, J., Santalla, A., Morente-Sanchez, J., Robles-Rodriguez, J., Requena, B., & Loturco, I. (2020). Curve sprinting in soccer: Kinematic and neuromuscular analysis. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(11), 744–750.
https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1144....
13.
Fitzpatrick, J. F., Linsley, A., & Musham, C. (2019). Running the curve: a preliminary investigation into curved sprinting during football match-play. Sport Performance & Science Reports, 1(55):1–3.
https://sportperfsci.com/wp-co....
14.
Higbie, E. J., Cureton, K. J., Warren, G. L., 3rd, & Prior, B. M. (1996). Effects of concentric and eccentric training on muscle strength, cross-sectional area, and neural activation. Journal of Applied Physiology, 81(5), 2173–2181.
https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.....
15.
Horníková, H., & Zemková, E. (2021). Relationship between physical factors and change of direction speed in team sports. Applied Sciences, 11(2), 655.
https://doi.org/10.3390/app110....
16.
Jackson, A. S., & Pollock, M. L. (1978). Generalized equations for predicting body density of men. British Journal of Nutrition, 40(3), 497–504.
https://doi.org/10.1079/bjn197....
17.
Kobal, R., Freitas, T. T., Filter, A., Requena, B., Barroso, R., Rossetti, M., Jorge, R. M., Carvalho, L., Pereira, L. A., & Loturco, I. (2021). Curve sprint in elite female soccer players: relationship with linear sprint and jump performance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2306.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph....
18.
Koo, T. K., & Li, M. Y. (2016). A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 15(2), 155–163.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.....
19.
McCall, A., Nedelec, M., Carling, C., Le Gall, F., Berthoin, S., & Dupont, G. (2015). Reliability and sensitivity of a simple isometric posterior lower limb muscle test in professional football players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33(12), 1298–1304.
https://doi.org/10.1080/026404....
20.
McKay, A. K., Stellingwerff, T., Smith, E. S., Martin, D. T., Mujika, I., Goosey-Tolfrey, V. L., Sheppard, J., & Burke, L. M. (2022). Defining training and performance caliber: A participant classification framework. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 17(2), 317–331.
https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.....
21.
Morin, J.-B., Edouard, P., & Samozino, P. (2011). Technical ability of force application as a determinant factor of sprint performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(9), 1680–1688.
https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b....
22.
Nagahara, R., Mizutani, M., Matsuo, A., Kanehisa, H., & Fukunaga, T. (2018). Association of sprint performance with ground reaction forces during acceleration and maximal speed phases in a single sprint. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 34(2), 104–110.
https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.20....
23.
Northeast, J., Russell, M., Shearer, D., Cook, C. J., & Kilduff, L. P. (2019). Predictors of linear and multidirectional acceleration in elite soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(2), 514–522.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.00....
24.
Onishi, H., Yagi, R., Oyama, M., Akasaka, K., Ihashi, K., & Handa, Y. (2002). EMG-angle relationship of the hamstring muscles during maximum knee flexion. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 12(5), 399–406.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s1050-....
25.
Paz Paz, E. O., Pérez Soriano, P., & Encarnación Martínez, A. M. (2024). Effects of the sprint curve on spatiotemporal parameters: a systematic review. Archivos de Medicina del Deporte, 41(4), 204–209.
https://doi.org/10.18176/archm....
26.
Rumpf, M. C., Lockie, R. G., Cronin, J. B., & Jalilvand, F. (2016). Effect of different sprint training methods on sprint performance over various distances: A brief review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(6), 1767–1785.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.00....
27.
Sašek, M., Sarabon, N., & Smajla, D. (2024). Exploring the relationship between lower limb strength, strength asymmetries, and curvilinear sprint performance: Findings from a pilot study. Science Progress, 107(2), 368504241247998.
https://doi.org/10.1177/003685....
28.
Sašek, M., Smajla, D., Bratina, K., & Spudić, D. (2025). Specificity of curvilinear sprint performance in youth female soccer players: Comparison with linear sprint and relationship with vertical jumps. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 1–19.
https://doi.org/10.1080/247486....
29.
Schache, A. G., Dorn, T. W., Wrigley, T. V., Brown, N. A., & Pandy, M. G. (2013). Stretch and activation of the human biarticular hamstrings across a range of running speeds. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 113(11), 2813–2828.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421....
30.
Sheppard, J. M., Chapman, D., & Taylor, K.-L. (2011). An evaluation of a strength qualities assessment method for the lower body. Journal of Australian Strength and Conditioning, 19(2), 4–10.
31.
Thomas, C., Comfort, P., Chiang, C.-Y., & Jones, P. A. (2015). Relationship between isometric mid-thigh pull variables and sprint and change of direction performance in collegiate athletes. Journal of Trainology, 4(1), 6–10.
https://doi.org/10.17338/train....
32.
Timmins, R. G., Filopoulos, D., Nguyen, V., Giannakis, J., Ruddy, J. D., Hickey, J. T., Maniar, N., & Opar, D. A. (2021). Sprinting, strength, and architectural adaptations following hamstring training in Australian footballers. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 31(6), 1276–1289.
https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13....
33.
Timmins, R. G., Ruddy, J. D., Presland, J., Maniar, N., & Williams, M. (2015). Architectural changes of the biceps femoris long head after concentric or eccentric training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 48(3), 499–508.
https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.00....
34.
Trewin, J., Meylan, C., Varley, M. C., & Cronin, J. (2018). The match-to-match variation of match-running in elite female soccer. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 21(2), 196–201.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsam....
35.
Wang, R., Hoffman, J. R., Tanigawa, S., Miramonti, A. A., La Monica, M. B., Beyer, K. S., Church, D. D., Fukuda, D. H., & Stout, J. R. (2016). Isometric mid-thigh pull correlates with strength, sprint, and agility performance in collegiate rugby union players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(11), 3051–3056.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.00....
36.
West, D. J., Owen, N. J., Jones, M. R., Bracken, R. M., Cook, C. J., Cunningham, D. J., Shearer, D. A., Finn, C. V., Newton, R. U., Crewther, B. T., & Kilduff, L. P. (2011). Relationships between force–time characteristics of the isometric midthigh pull and dynamic performance in professional rugby league players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(11), 3070–3075.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b....
37.
Whyte, E., O'Connor, S., Tobin Jones, H., McBride, C., O'Flynn, A., Quinn, O., & Behan, F. (2024). The relationship between hamstring strength tests and sprint performance in female Gaelic footballers: A correlation and linear regression analysis. Plos One, 19(6), e0302901.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journa....