SECTION IV - PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SPORT AND EXERCISE / RESEARCH PAPER
What Variables Differentiate between Selected and Not Selected High-Performance Adolescent Track and Field Athletes?
1
Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain.
2
Centre for Olympic Studies, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Cartagena, Spain.
3
Research Group Movement Sciences and Sport (MS&SPORT), Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
These authors had equal contribution to this work
Submission date: 2024-05-10
Final revision date: 2024-07-05
Acceptance date: 2024-10-01
Online publication date: 2024-12-19
Corresponding author
Juan Alfonso Garcia Roca
Olympics Studies Center. Faculty of Sport, Universidad Católica de Murcia, C/ Porto Alegre S/N, 30310, Cartagena, Spain
Olympics Studies Center. Faculty of Sport, Universidad Católica de Murcia, C/ Porto Alegre S/N, 30310, Cartagena, Spain
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Early detection of young talent and athlete development programs lack reliable and valid indicators that can predict future success. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyse the differences between selected and unselected athletes to define the determinant factors, as well as the influence of gender on the variables that could predict athletic success. The research was carried out using a cross-correlational descriptive design involving 95 athletes, of whom 46 were males (average age = 18.31 ± 2.31 years) and 49 were females (averaged age = 17.27 ± 1.44 years), and whose sociodemographic, psychological, physical and anthropometric variables were analysed. Significant differences were observed in maturity (p < 0.001), anthropometric variables related to bone structure, muscle mass, and body mass (p < 0.001 to 0.044), physical condition variations related to strength, power, sprint ability, flexibility, and balance (p < 0.001 to 0.013), as well as athletic experience and training variants (p = 0.003–0.004). These results should be taken into account for the sporting programming of young athletes and in order to be aware of the modulating effect of biological maturity and its influence on athletic performance.
REFERENCES (54)
1.
Aerenhouts, D., Zinzen, E., & Clarys, P. (2011). Energy expenditure and habitual physical activities in adolescent sprint athletes. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 10(2), 362–368.
2.
Albaladejo-Saura, M., Vaquero-Cristóbal, R., García-Roca, J. A., & Esparza-Ros, F. (2022). Influence of Maturity Status on Kinanthropometric and Physical Fitness Variables in Adolescent Female Volleyball Players. Applied Sciences, 12(9), 4400. https://doi.org/10.3390/app120....
3.
Albaladejo-Saura, M., Vaquero-Cristóbal, R., García-Roca, J. A., & Esparza-Ros, F. (2023). What Variables Allow the Differentiation between More and Less Successful Adolescent Volleyball Players? Journal of Human Kinetics, 88, 229–242. https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/16....
4.
Albaladejo-Saura, M., Vaquero-Cristóbal, R., González-Gálvez, N., & Esparza-Ros, F. (2021). Relationship between biological maturation, physical fitness, and kinanthropometric variables of young athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), 328. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph....
5.
Baker, J., Wattie, N., Steidl-Müller, L., & Kopp, M. (2018). Innate talent in sport: Separating myth from reality. Current Issues in Sport Science, 3, 006. https://doi.org/10.36950/CISS_....
6.
Chelly, M. S., Hermassi, S., & Shephard, R. J. (2015). Effects of In-season short-term plyometric training program on sprint and jump performance of young male track athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(8), 2128–2136. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.00....
7.
Cohen, J. (2013). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/978020....
8.
De Subijana, C. L., & Lorenzo, J. (2018). Relative age effect and long-term success in the Spanish soccer and basketball national teams. Journal of Human Kinetics, 65(1), 197–204. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-....
9.
Díaz-Soler, M. A., Vaquero-Cristóbal, R., Espejo-Antúnez, L., & López-Miñarro, P. (2015). Efecto de un protocolo de calentamiento en la distancia alcanzada en el test sit-and-reach en alumnos adolescents. Nutricion Hospitalaria, 31(6), 2618–2623. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.201....
10.
Dobbs, C. W., Gill, N. D., Smart, D. J., & Mcguigan, M. R. (2015). Relationship between vertical and horizontal jump variables and muscular performance in athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(3), 661–671. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.00....
11.
Esparza-Ros, F., & Vaquero-Cristóbal, R. (2023). Antropometría: Fundamentos para la aplicación e interpretación. Aula Magna. Mc Graw Hill.
12.
Esparza-Ros, F., Vaquero-Cristóbal, R., & Marfell-Jones, M. (2019). International Standards for Anthropometric Assessment. International Society for Advancement of Kinanthropometry.
13.
Federación de Atletismo de la Región de Murcia. (2023). Plan de Tecnificación FAMU. https://www.famu.es/wp-content..., accessed on: 08 December 2023.
14.
Gimeno, F., Buceta, J. M., & Pérez-Llanta, M. del C. (2001). The Questionnaire "Psychological Characteristics Related to Sports Performance" (CPRD): Psychometric characteristics. Análise Psicológica, 1, 93–113. https://doi.org/10.14417/ap.34....
15.
Gobierno de España. Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte. (2023). Licencias federadas según sexo por federación. 2022. https://www.cultura.gob.es/dam..., accessed on: 12 December 2023.
16.
Gonçalves, C. E. B., Rama, L. M. L., & Figueiredo, A. B. (2012). Talent Identification and Specialization in Sport: An Overview of Some Unanswered Questions. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 7(4), 390–393. https://doi.org/ 10.1123/ijspp.7.4.390.
17.
Greene, D. A., Naughton, G. A., Bradshaw, E., Moresi, M., & Ducher, G. (2012). Mechanical loading with or without weight-bearing activity: Influence on bone strength index in elite female adolescent athletes engaged in water polo, gymnastics, and track-and-field. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, 30(5), 580–587. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774....
18.
Handelsman, D. J., Hirschberg, A. L., & Bermon, S. (2018). Circulating testosterone as the hormonal basis of sex differences in athletic performance. Endocrine Reviews, 39(5), 803–829. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.201....
19.
National Library of Medicine of the United States government. (2024). Home - MeSH - NCBI. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m....
20.
Issurin, V. (2015). Early precursors of athletic talent: evidence from a study among Olympic champions. Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Science, 25(2), 70. https://doi.org/10.5604/173106....
21.
Issurin, V. (2017). Evidence-Based Prerequisites and Precursors of Athletic Talent: A Review. Sports Medicine, 47(10), 1993–2010. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279....
22.
Johnston, K., & Baker, J. (2020). Waste Reduction Strategies: Factors Affecting Talent Wastage and the Efficacy of Talent Selection in Sport. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2925. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.....
23.
Khosla, T., & McBroom, V. C. (1985). Age, height and weight of female Olympic finalists. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 19(2), 96–99. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.1....
24.
Kraemer, William. J., & Newton, Robert. U. (2000). Training for muscular power. Scientific Principles of Sports Rehabilitation, 11(2), 341–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1047-....
25.
Krogh Christensen, M. (2009). “An Eye for Talent”: Talent Identification and the “Practical Sense” of Top-Level Soccer Coaches. Sociology of Sport Journal, 26, 365–382. https://doi.org/10.1123/ssj.26....
26.
Krzysztofik M, Jopek M, Mroczek D, Matusinski A, & Zajac A. Sprint performance following plyometric conditioning activity in elite sprinters sprint performance following plyometric conditioning activity in elite sprinters. Balt J Health Phys Act. 2024;16(1):Article7. https://doi.org/10.29359/BJHPA....
27.
Leiva-Arcas, A., Vaquero-Cristóbal, R., Abenza-Cano, L., & Sánchez-Pato, A. (2021). Performance of high-level Spanish athletes in the Olympic Games according to gender. PLOS ONE, 16(5), e0251267. https://doi.org/10.1371/journa....
28.
Malina, R. M., & Bouchard, C. (1991). Growth, Maturation, and Physical Activity (Champaign). Human Kinetics Books.
29.
Mateo-Orcajada, A., Vaquero-Cristóbal, R., Montoya-Lozano, J. M., & Abenza-Cano, L. (2023). Differences in Kinanthropometric Variables and Physical Fitness of Adolescents with Different Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Weight Status: “Fat but Healthy Diet” Paradigm. Nutrients, 15(5), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu1505....
30.
Matiegka, C. H. (1921). The testing of physical efficiency. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, IV(3), 223–230. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1....
31.
McQuilliam, S. J., Clark, D. R., Erskine, R. M., & Brownlee, T. E. (2020). Free-Weight Resistance Training in Youth Athletes: A Narrative Review. Sports Medicine, 50(9), 1567–1580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279....
32.
Mirwald, R. L., Baxter-Jones, A. D. G., Bailey, D. A., & Beunen, G. P. (2002). An assessment of maturity from anthropometric measurements. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 34(4), 689–694. https://doi.org/10.1097/000057....
33.
Muyor, J. M., Vaquero-Cristóbal, R., Alacid, F., & López-Miñarro, P. A. (2014). Criterion-Related Validity of Sit-and-Reach and Toe-Touch Tests as a Measure of Hamstring Extensibility in Athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(2), 546–555. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b....
34.
Oliva-Lozano, J., Cuenca-López, J., Suárez, J., Granero-Gil, P., & Muyor, J. (2023). When and How Do Soccer Players From a Semi-Professional Club Sprint in Match Play? Journal of Human Kinetics, 86(1), 195–204. https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/15....
35.
Olmedilla, A., Moreno-Fernández, I. M., Gómez-Espejo, V., Robles-Palazón, F. J., Verdú, I., & Ortega, E. (2019). Psychological Intervention Program to Control Stress in Youth Soccer Players. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2260. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.....
36.
Pearson, D. T., Naughton, G. A., & Torode, M. (2006). Predictability of physiological testing and the role of maturation in talent identification for adolescent team sports. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 9(4), 277–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsam....
37.
Peña-González, I., Fernández-Fernández, J., Moya-Ramón, M., & Cervelló, E. (2018). Relative Age Effect, Biological Maturation, and Coaches’ Efficacy Expectations in Young Male Soccer Players. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 89(3), 373–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/027013....
38.
Pinder, R. A., Renshaw, I., & Davids, K. (2013). The role of representative design in talent development: A comment on “Talent identification and promotion programmes of Olympic athletes.” Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(8), 803–806. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404....
39.
Plisky, Phillip. J., Gorman, Paul. P., Butler, Robert. J., Kiesel, Kyle. B., Underwood, Frank. B., & Elkins, B. (2009). The reliability of and instrumented device for measuring components of the Star Excursion Balance Test. North American Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 4(2), 92.
40.
Poortmans, J. R., Boisseau, N., Moraine, J. J., Moreno-Reyes, R., & Goldman, S. (2005). Estimation of total-body skeletal muscle mass in children and adolescents. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37(2), 316–322. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS....
41.
Real Federación Española de Atletismo (2024). Real Federación Española de Atletismo. Ranking. https://atletismorfea.es/ranki..., accessed on: 20 January 2024.
42.
Real Federación Española de Atletismo (2023). Programa Nacional de Tecnificación Deportiva (PNTD). https://atletismorfea.es/sites..., accessed on: 20 December 2023.
43.
Romero-Franco, N., Jiménez-Reyes, P., Castaño-Zambudio, A., Capelo-Ramírez, F., Rodríguez-Juan, J. J., González-Hernández, J., Toscano-Bendala, F. J., Cuadrado-Peñafiel, V., & Balsalobre-Fernández, C. (2017). Sprint performance and mechanical outputs computed with an iPhone app: Comparison with existing reference methods. European Journal of Sport Science, 17(4), 386–392. https://doi.org/10.1080/174613....
44.
Ruud, J. R., Den Hartigh, A., Susan, M., Niessen, W. G. P., Frencken, & Rob R, Meijer. (2018). Selection procedures in sports: Improving predictions of athletes’ future performance. European Journal of Sport Science, 18(9), 1191–1198. https://doi.org/10.1080/174613....
45.
Saenger, P. (2003). Dose effects of growth hormone during puberty. Hormone Research, 60(Suppl. 1), 52–57. https://doi.org/10.1159/000071....
46.
Sands, W. A., Wurth, J. J., & Hewit, J. K. (2012). The National Strength and Conditioning Association’s (NSCA) basics of strength and conditioning manual. NCSA National Strength and Conditioning Association.
47.
Serra-Majem, L., Ribas, L., Ngo, J., Ortega, R. M., García, A., Pérez-Rodrigo, C., & Aranceta, J. (2004). Food, youth and the Mediterranean diet in Spain. Development of KIDMED, Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents. Public Health Nutrition, 7(7), 931–935. https://doi.org/10.1079/phn200....
48.
Slaughter, M. H., Lohman, T. G., Boileau, R., Horswill, C. A., Stillman, R. J., Van Loan, M. D., & Bemben, D. A. (1988). Skinfold equations for estimation of body fatness in children and youth. Biología Humana, 60, 709–723.
49.
Stanula, A., Roczniok, R., Gabryś, T., Szmatlan-Gabryś, U., Maszczyk, A., & Pietraszewski, P. (2013). Relations between BMI, Body Mass and Height, and Sports Competence among Participants of the 2010 Winter Olympic Games: Does Sport Metabolic Demand Differentiate? Perceptual and Motor Skills, 117(3), 837–854. https://doi.org/10.2466/25.29.....
50.
Towlson, C., Cobley, S., Midgley, A. W., Garrett, A., Parkin, G., & Lovell, R. (2017). Relative age, maturation and physical biases on position allocation in elite-youth soccer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(3), 201–209. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042....
51.
Vaquero-Cristóbal, R., García-Roca, J. A., Albaladejo, M., Fernández-Alarcón, M., & Esparza-Ros, F. (2019). Evolution in anthropometric variables related to training and nutritional parameters in ultra-endurance mountain runners. Nutricion Hospitalaria, 36(3), 706–713. https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.23....
52.
Vélez-Alcázar, A. E., García-Roca, J. A., & Vaquero-Cristóbal, R. (2024). Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Its Influence on Anthropometric and Fitness Variables in High-Level Adolescent Athletes. Nutrients, 16(5), 624. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu1605....
53.
Willberg, C., Kohler, A., & Zentgraf, K. (2023). Construct Validity and Applicability of a Team-Sport-Specific Change of Direction Test. Journal of Human Kinetics, 85(1), 115–126. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-....
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 1899-7562 |
| ISSN: | 1640-5544 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
