SECTION I - KINESIOLOGY / RESEARCH PAPER
Visual Information in Basketball Jump-Shots: Differences between Youth and Adult Athletes
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Ricardo Gomes 2,3,4,5
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Rui Mendes 3,4,5
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Gonçalo Dias 1,2,3,4,5
 
 
 
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1
University of Coimbra, FCDEF, Coimbra, Portugal
 
2
Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, Covilhã, Portugal
 
3
Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior de Educação de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
 
4
Laboratório ROBOCORP, IIA, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
 
5
University of Coimbra, CIDAF (uid/04213/2020), Coimbra, Portugal
 
6
Faculty of Health, School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
 
 
Submission date: 2022-01-26
 
 
Acceptance date: 2022-11-28
 
 
Online publication date: 2023-07-06
 
 
Corresponding author
Diogo V Martinho   

FCDEF, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
 
 
Journal of Human Kinetics 2023;89:66–75
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Basketball shooting is a complex skill that requires visual routines and trained players typically evidence a specific oculomotor pattern. This study aimed to examine visual patterns in male novice youth and professional adult players while performing a jump shot. The sample included 20 basketball players grouped as under-16 youth (n = 10) and professional adult (n = 10) players. Each participant completed 50 shots at two distances (long range: 6.80 m; middle range: 4.23 m). Eye tracking glasses were used to obtain quiet eye (QE), the number of fixations, total fixation duration, duration of first and last fixation. An independent t-test was used to assess differences between groups. Shooting accuracy given by % of efficacy indicated that under-16 players attained poorer scores at both distances: long (t = −4.75, p < 0.01) and middle (t = −2.80, p < 0.012) distance. The groups also differed in QE time (long: 600 ms vs. 551 ms; middle: 572 ms vs. 504 ms) and total duration of the fixations (long: 663 ms vs. 606 ms; middle: 663 ms vs. 564 ms) in both long and middle distance shots. Significant differences also occurred in the last fixation (long distance: t = −4.301, p < 0.01; middle distance: t = −3.656, p < 0.01) with professional adult players presenting the value of, on average, 454–458 ms, while youth shooters 363–372 ms. In summary, visual strategy differed between under-16 youth and professional adult basketball players. To support their long-term sport development, it is recommended that youth basketball players focus their attention with longer final fixation before releasing the ball to improve their shot.
 
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