INVITED CONCEPTUAL ARTICLES / EDITORIAL
Future Perspectives for Warm-Up Strategies in Sport
 
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1
Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad de León, León, Spain
 
2
Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
 
 
Submission date: 2026-08-13
 
 
Acceptance date: 2026-09-10
 
 
Online publication date: 2026-10-26
 
 
Corresponding author
Daniel Alexandre Boullosa   

Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad de León, León, Spain
 
 
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Warm-up is a universal practice in sport, yet many aspects of its prescription remain unresolved. A recent international Delphi consensus reached agreement on only 60% of 122 statements, highlighting that, despite decades of research, several practically relevant questions remain open. Rather than continuing to ask whether the warm-up improves performance, future research should focus on addressing problems faced by athletes and practitioners in real training and competition settings. In this opinion paper, we highlight five areas that may be particularly relevant to advancing warm-up research and practice: (1) optimization of duration in relation to warm-up comprehensiveness; (2) individualization of the warm-up design; (3) reproducibility of individual responses; (4) integration of daily monitoring into warm-up routines; and (5) greater use of non-exercise strategies to achieve readiness with minimal additional physical load. We argue that future warm-up research and practice should move beyond universal prescriptions toward adaptive strategies that tailor warm-up content and dose, including non-exercise approaches, while accounting for the reproducibility and day-to-day variability of individual responses to optimize the balance between readiness and fatigue.
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